pocketpy/docs/modules/math.md

---

icon: package

label: math

math

Real-number functions and constants. Most functions accept an int or float and return a float; exceptions are noted below. Arguments to native functions are positional.

Available API

Group	Members
Constants	pi, e, inf, nan
Rounding	ceil(x), floor(x), trunc(x) return integers; fabs(x) returns a float.
Aggregation	fsum(values) for a list of numbers; gcd(a, b) for two integers.
Classification	isfinite(x), isinf(x), isnan(x), isclose(a, b)
Powers/logarithms	exp(x), log(x), log(x, base), log2(x), log10(x), pow(x, y), sqrt(x), cbrt(x)
Trigonometry	sin(x), cos(x), tan(x), asin(x), acos(x), atan(x), atan2(y, x)
Angles	degrees(radians), radians(degrees)
Decomposition	modf(x), fmod(x, y), copysign(x, y)
Combinatorics	factorial(n) for a nonnegative integer.

Trigonometric arguments and results use radians. modf(x) returns (fractional_part, integer_part), both floats; pass a float to this function. copysign(x, y) takes the magnitude of x and the sign of y.

import math

assert math.ceil(1.2) == 2
assert type(math.floor(1.8)) is int
assert math.gcd(18, 24) == 6
assert math.fsum([0.1] * 10) == 1.0
assert math.isclose(math.sin(math.pi / 2), 1.0)
assert math.modf(2.5) == (0.5, 2.0)

Differences from CPython

• fsum accepts a list, not an arbitrary iterable, and uses compensated summation rather than CPython's full algorithm.
• isclose(a, b) checks abs(a - b) < 1e-9. It has no relative or absolute tolerance keyword arguments; infinities do not compare close by this rule.
• gcd takes exactly two arguments.
• factorial is limited by signed 64-bit integers. Keep n <= 20 for an exact representable result.
• Domain handling follows the implementation's math functions and may produce NaN or infinity instead of CPython exceptions.

For complex values, use cmath. Implementation: math.c.